Stefan Banach

 Stefan Banach, (born March 30, 1892, Krakow, Austria-Hungary [now in Poland] - died August 31, 1945, Lvov, Ukrainian S.S.R. [now Lviv, Ukraine]), Polish mathematician who founded modern functional analysis and helped develop the theory Topological vector spaces.

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Banach was given his mother's surname, identified as Katarzyna Banach on his birth certificate, and his father's first name, Stefan Greczyk. He never knew his mother, and when he was still young his father sent him to raise a family in Krakow.

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 Banach apparently made his way through the engineering school at the Technical University of Lvov from 1910 to 1914. Unfit for military service due to his poor eyesight, he worked on road construction and taught in local schools during the First World War.

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At the end of the war, several mathematical papers that Banach worked on in his spare time were published, which led to him obtaining an assistantship at the Technical University of Lviv in 1920. He received his doctorate from the University of Lviv (now Ivan Franco National University in Lviv) in 1922 Banach began his lifelong affiliation with the university, setting up a mathematics school and founding an important new mathematics magazine, Studia Mathematica, in 1929. He was elected president of the Polish Mathematical Society in 1939, but his life changed with the Nazi occupation from 1941 to 1944. In Under occupation, Banach had to feed lice for a German study of infectious diseases. He died of lung cancer in 1945 before he could resume his academic life with an appointment at Jagiellonian University, Krakow.